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The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
It has been said by many (and proudly quoted by Google) that Google’s search engine is “the closest thing the Web has to an ultimate answering machine”. And it is because of Internet searching that Google has become a worldwide household name. But how many people know about what goes on behind those six coloured letters? Not only is there a massive business, a lot of money and power, and some of the best talents in the industry, there also appears to be a very specific ethic being employed. Let’s take a closer look…
Google was formed as an incorporated company in September 1998 by two Stanford University PhD students. Having developed a new theory on how to best conduct reliable and relevant Internet searches, Larry Page and Sergey Brin managed to raise an impressive amount of early financial support based on the evidence presented by their university theses. However, like the best of them, their first six months were spent working out of a friend’s garage – apparently this seems to be a requisite for becoming an IT heavyweight.
Google has experienced a massive growth during its life, acquiring many smaller companies along the way to make it the towering giant that it is now, and leaving the Microsoft Network (MSN) quaking in it’s binary boots. In opposition to Microsoft’s ‘immoral and aggressive’ image, “Don’t be evil” has always been Google’s unofficial slogan, allegedly applied to all areas of their business dealings. Environmentalism, philanthropy, and positive relations have always been important to them, and its the employee relations that I find to be the most intriguing.
The picture above is of the Google offices in Zurich. No joke, it really is. The original ‘dotcom’ companies were defined by bean bags and pizza meetings, but Google has taken it to a whole new level.
Fireman’s poles, slides, lava lamps, games, and themed discussion rooms make up one of the most unconventional office complexes in the world. Wherever you look there are white boards and pens so no idea goes unwritten. The idea is to create a relaxing and comfortable environment that will stimulate the researchers, developers, and engineers towards original and interesting ideas. And it obviously works - Forbes Magazine recently named Google the number 1 place to work in the world!
But Google’s friendly presence has recently started to be challenged. Even they are not immune to the US economic downturn, and it is questionable how long their good intentions will last if profits continue to fall. The second of Google’s self proclaimed ‘ten commandments‘ is “It’s best to do one thing really, really well”, meaning of course searching. However it would appear that they are gradually moving away from this ideal. In addition to enhancing the meaning of the term ‘Internet search’ to encompass a massive range of applications and features (Google Earth, ad-words, comparisons etc.), Google are now branching out into new fields. For instance, watch out for Google Android in the coming years – it may well revolutionise the way that mobile pc’s are viewed, making them a lot more accessible and desirable to a broader range of people.
To find out more about the colourful company that has held our hands through many Internet surfing sessions, go to www.Google.com and, instead of searching, click the ‘about google’ button and take an interesting backstage tour…
The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
If you have read our article from last week, you may be left thinking that hackers are all cyber-criminals waiting for the chance to steal your credit card details, hack into your office networks, and bring down national security. Although it is true that the media has hyped the existence of these individuals and their nefarious activities, there is another less frightening side to the story.
‘White hat’ hackers are, if you will, the superheroes of the IT universe. There are two types of white hat - those who use a clearly defined code of ethics to break into security systems in order to improve them, and those who work to create open source, free codes for improving and developing software and operating systems. Both kinds have been very valuable to the evolution of computing, but it is the second group whose names are often revered in online communities to this day.
One such individual is Linus Torvalds, the father of Linux. Most people these days have heard of Linux – an open-source operating system which has been developing in various forms for almost two decades now Torvalds claims: “I just want to have fun making the best damn operating system I can.” And it seems that many agree with him. Thousands of people contribute to Linux today, and 17 years after he began, Torvalds is still responsible for 2 per cent of the programming and most of the coordination (trust me – that’s a lot). Often seen as the ‘good guy’ in the battle against the ‘evil Microsoft corporation’, he even has an asteroid named after him!
It could be argued that you wouldn’t be reading this article if it wasn’t for this next guy. While studying at Oxford University, and after soldering together his first pc, Tim Berners-Lee was caught hacking a friend and banned from all university computers. Unsurprisingly his exploits didn’t end there – while developing an internal sharing and coordination system at the CERN research laboratories in Switzerland, he had the great idea of combining existing ideas with his own system to create… the World Wide Web! He has since founded the World Wide Web consortium to distribute ideas and standards freely, without patents and royalties. What a great guy!
Although many other great names exist in the field of free source programming (Richard Stallman and Steve Wozniak to name just two), what about the other kind of white hat hackers? Last week I wrote about the much publicized police case which led to the arrest of ‘computer outlaw’ Kevin Mitnick. What I didn’t mention was that it took another hacker to catch him.
Tsutomu Shimomura had his home security system hacked by Mitnick, then promptly threw all of his efforts into digitally tracking him down and bringing him to justice. With the aid of journalist John Markoff, they eventually succeeded in aiding the FBI in Mitnick’s capture and testified at his trial (the movie ‘Takedown’ charts this side of the story if you’re interested…). However that is only one side of the story. A self-proclaimed hacker himself, it has often been argued that Shimomura’s ethics were as hazy, possibly even moreso than Mitnick’s. The evidence for this claim culminates with the fact that he openly hacked his own mobile phone in front of a full court in order to monitor phone calls outside the court room.
He was never investigated himself though – I guess his gall, coupled with the fact that he turned up to court wearing surfing shorts and a t-shirt, stunned everyone into submission…
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The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
Hackers have long been portrayed by the media as one of two extremes – the socially-inept teen sitting for days in his bedroom trying to wreak havoc on the Net due mainly to boredom and a demand to be noticed, or the high-tech super-spy risking his life to steal top secret information from rogue states in the name of the free world. What we have been subjected to is the idea of good guys and bad guys, but does this equate to the real picture?
Well the truth is that although hackers have caused millions of pounds of damage throughout the history of computing, they have also facilitated the birth and development of many of today’s most powerful and recognized software packages. These days they are grouped mainly into one of two groups - “White Hats”, who are often employed as ‘ethical hackers’ to find and plug security holes, and “Black Hats” who work to exploit computer systems for their own gain and for cyber-crime causes.
This week let’s look at a couple of famous Black Hats. Are these guys really the criminal masterminds the media has made them out to be, or simply just the con-artists of a new era?
First up, Mr Adrian Lamo. An interesting fellow, he was dubbed ‘The Homeless Hacker’ as he would travel the US using internet connections in coffee shops and libraries to execute his hacking exercises. A kind of illegal White Hat, he would penetrate the networks of large companies and institutions then inform them of his achievements. Although it sounds like he was almost doing them a favour, his acts also gave him access to a lot of high-profile and classified material such as social security information and private corporate details. During his career he hacked such major groups as Yahoo!, Bank of America, Citigroup, and the New York Times. When he was eventually caught he was forced to pay restitution fines and was sentenced to six months of home confinement and two years of probation. He is now a successful journalist and public speaker.
Next up is Jonathan James, who was incarcerated in juvenile prison at the age of 16 for his cyber-crimes. Known in the hacking world as ‘c0mrade’. He claims: ‘I was just playing around… to see what I could pull off’. By this he was referring to the successful hacking of a major US Defence Agency, where he gained access to top-secret emails and employee information, and the stealing of $1.7 million dollars of NASA software from NASA computers. Impressive for a 16 year old, but also embarrassing for the above institutions! James later contended that the software he stole was not worth as much as they claimed - ‘The (programming) code itself was crappy’ he later asserted.
One of the most highly publicized hacking cases was the authorities pursuit of Kevin Mitnick. Described as the “most wanted computer criminal in history”, it would appear that Mitnick craved the limelight and enjoyed the press he received. He started by hacking the LA bus punch-card system to get free rides, and penetrating software corporations to steal new software, but gradually his crimes became more and more serious as he went on “a two-and-a-half year coast to coast hacking spree”. CNN reported that he “hacked into computers, stole corporate secrets, scrambled phone networks, and broke into the national defence warning system”, although it has been widely suggested since that many of his crimes may have been exaggerated. However he did serve five years in prison, eight months of that in solitary confinement. He is now a IT security consultant and public speaker.
Various other cases such as these exist, and there is much argument as to how they should be dealt with by the authorities in terms of punishment. Many contest that the punishments are not severe enough to fit the crimes, and that the offenders are pretty much guaranteed top jobs after their period of incarceration. However, publicity of these individuals’ feats has led to the advancement of security software and hardware at a greater rate – due largely to the global recognition of the dangers that are out there.
Add to this conundrum the problem of tracking, catching, and prosecuting hackers who are playing on a global game-board, and you begin to see one massive headache for world authorities. But it’s not all credit card fraud and stolen software, there is a positive side to the hacking phenomenon. Next week we’ll get to know a few of the good guys…
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This is the first in our series following the progress of Inhale and Hold, the endurance dance event which splashes its way from Ilfracombe to Plymouth, starting on July 10.
Four dancing men equipped with a lifeguard’s tower and miniature band attempt to perform their way across Devon, north to south, at a long list of waterside locations.
We catch up with Matthew in the midst of rehearsals.
So, I arrived yesterday, feeling like I’d only had three hours sleep (probably as that’s all I’d had) and we got straight into rehearsing until the evening. At the end of the day there was a desperate need to see the Wimbledon final so we jumped into the cars at 6pm and headed for the nearest television. I had to leave the tennis early as I’m always hungry so I missed the end, and then went back to where we’re staying for a well earned sleep.
Today I woke up (spider in my ear… interesting) at 8.45am, grabbed some breakfast, had a bath and then we headed back to Brendon village hall for a day of rehearsing and devising.
We started by recapping some lifesaving duets we’d started yesterday, inspired by pictures from an old-style swimming manual. It all needed to be very precise, detail was very important, the words ‘hands like blades’ were repeated a few times. Watch out for Jamie’s best fish-out-of-water impression when River picks him up, comedy moment. We then put the duets together, working by overlapping them and inserting some pauses to create a chunk of material to put into the piece.
We then revisited our solo material that works in swimming lanes, although we have no ropes to create them yet, so white cups are providing some sort of outline for the time being. A few repetitions of my solo and I’m exhausted, if you see me breathing heavily I’m probably not pretending.
After lunch (where the remains of my Chinese food from last night came in handy), we carried on putting the various parts together then did a bit more lifesaving in the form of a quartet, again inspired by pictures.
After Hugh and Jamie left we were presented with our swimming caps… I did my best unimpressed face… haha. No, actually, they’re not THAT awful, although I do feel a bit light headed when I have mine on. I opted for the blue one, but I’ll save the image of me in a swimming cap until the day of the first performance and not post a photo of me in it.
We ended the day devising some of our own material. I was working on something using my more lyrical/fluid movement vocabulary and putting that alongside some of the strong imagery from the lifesaving and unison material.
End of the day and I’m writing this on my bed in the house we’re staying in. I’m off out to get myself some fish and chips, you’ve got to love Devon fish and chips, and then I’m going later to try on some costume. - Matthew
• To get in touch with the dancers, email: inhale_and_hold@peoplesrepublicofsouthdevon.co.uk
or just comment in the box below
Follow the action at
Thursday July 10, 12.30 pm - The Manor, Lynmouth,
Thursday July 10, 5.30 pm - Landmark Beach, Ilfracombe
Friday July 11, 1.30 pm - Grand Western Canal Country Park, Canal Basin, Tiverton
Friday July 11, 7.00 pm - Hatherleigh Community Centre (river)
Saturday July 12, 12.30 pm - Roadford Lake, Okehampton
Saturday July 12, 7.00pm - Dartington Hall (riverside)
Sunday July 13, 2.00 pm - Moretonhampstead Swimming Pool
Sunday July 13, 5.30 pm - Tinside Pool, Plymouth
The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
Everyone has been involved in brainstorming at some point. From tactical, corporate meetings aimed at knocking out new advertising ideas, to late night discussions about how to take over the world, the brainstorming session is a worldwide phenomenon that leaves nobody out. But isn’t it always true that the vast majority of great ideas born in these discussions usually never make it past the concept stage, and that most are forgotten before they ever get the chance to evolve?
Not any more! Researchers from Keio University in Japan have teamed up with Kayac Company to develop what can readily be described as a ‘concept intensifying system’. ‘Kage Roi’ as it has been named, signifies the next generation in cerebral group discussion. Based on a computer capable of speech recognition, it takes the form of a discussion table with separate stations for each of the individuals taking part. Cunningly positioned microphones record what is being discussed, identify key words and phrases, and instructs the computer to trawl through the web and find relevant information to help develop the conversation. Ceiling mounted projectors then cast the information onto human-shaped shadows on the table which act as screens.
The concept behind the Kage Roi is that it will enable brainstorming sessions to flow more smoothly and ideas not to dry up or come to a dead-end as often. And just to add to the overall theme, it also features a multi-setting lighting system to generate atmospheric effects to the meeting. For instance, one setting imitates a dawn to dusk period over a two hour period, allegedly to stimulate useful phases and mood shifts during the meeting.
Although an original concept in itself, experts and visionaries have been working to discover a method of streamlining discussion groups for a long time. For instance, Danish development company MindLabs have created the concept of the egg-shaped brainstorming vessel. Basically a big egg which everyone sits inside for discussions, it is supposed to promote a stable and balanced environment where each of the participants feels equal and comfortable to share their ideas. Sounds a bit far fetched to me, but it has been received successfully by a number of Danish policy makers and business types.
Another original example is industrial designer Jason Chang’s S.P.I.C.E interactive table. This interactive table features games that require team work and encourage joint efforts that should inspire collective contribution and problem solving. S.P.I.C.E stands for ’stimulating play inspires creative expression’, and endeavours to be the first stage of strategic project development – a starting point for creative discussions and collaborations.
All these ideas, although original and well conceptualised, seem a little open to misuse to me. After all how tempting would it be, as everyone is sat around the Kage Roi trying to keep the discussion going, to pause from the issues in hand and shout ‘latest football scores’? Hopefully one day I’ll find out…
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The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
Being accustomed to our compact desktop computers and even smaller laptops (and even smaller pdas), it’s easy to forget how it all began. Forget Charles Babbage and his complex 19th century tinkerings for a second – as important as they were, we’re going to bypass them and move forward a few years to something (a little) more recognizable…
In March 1951 the United States Census Bureau received a 13 ton consignment from Messrs Eckert and Mauchly, and the modern age of computing was officially born. The brilliantly old-school-sci-fi sounding Univac 1 is widely considered to be the first ever digital computer, and the beginning of an industry that was to become one of the biggest in the world.
For over five years it was the best large-scale data processing computer, capable of storing and manipulating both programs and data in the same memory space – a system on which all following computers have founded their basic architecture. The entire structure took over 35.5 square metres of floor space, and initially cost $159,000. A total of 46 of these beasts were eventually delivered to various US institutions and businesses, and due to increasing popularity the price eventually rose to around $1,500,000. Not only were these the pinnacle in technology at the time, private ownership of one would have amply shown off any enterprise’s power and wealth.
Fast forward 25 years to another defining moment in IT history… Steve Wozniak, an employee of Hewlett-Packard, desperately wanted to build his own personal computer but was restricted by budgetary constraints. Eventually he and his associate Steve Jobs built a custom computer and decided to sell it under the name ‘Apple-1′ through their new company, Apple. We all know that they went on to become pioneers in computer technology (and still are today), but the ground-breaking attributes of the Apple-1 were that not only did it make use of a keyboard, it was also one of the first personal computers to be sold fully assembled and not as a kit.
The Apple-1 sold for $666.66 at the time, a one-third markup on the $500 Apple sold it to retailers for (and because Wozniak liked repeating digits, so the history books say).
Fast forward another 20 years and it becomes obvious how fast the IT world had changed. By 1995 companies such as Intel and Microsoft had enveloped large portions of the various industry quarters, making it extremely difficult for original, rival ideas to be successfully. One such example comes from the relative failure of Be Inc. A new company founded by the ex-manager of Apple’s French subsidiary, they developed a fairly advanced machine that didn’t run on one of the mainstream Windows or Mac OS systems. Aimed mainly at software developers, it was designed to be a primary alternative to the big boys of the time.
Sadly, due mainly to it’s lack of compatibility with anything else of the time, it was largely rejected and fewer than 2000 machines were manufactured over a brief two-year period. By 2001 Be Inc. had sold their intellectual rights and gone out of business. Long gone seemed the days where Bill Gates started an empire from his garage, or Wozniak and Jobs hand built their computers one by one and ended up as billionaires.
This is only an extremely small clipping from the history of computers, an area which is really a lot more interesting than you may think. With grand ideas, meteoric rises, and huge failures, there’s a hundred stories and sub-stories to be told. Perhaps the greatest thing is that the majority of these pioneers are still alive and well and plying their trade.
For more information, check out the Old Computers site. Even if you’re really not interested, the antiquated pictures might supply some cheap laughs!
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The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
I wasn’t planning to do another story on robots this week, but I came across this and was forced to change my mind. Meet the teddy bear who will finally put an end to those age-old arguments between driver and navigator. The days when romantic weekend breaks in the countryside could be ruined by wrong turns and upside down maps (all before you even arrive at the hotel) may well be a thing of the past thanks to this fluffy little fellah.
The monotonous and often infuriating vocal orders from your satnav will be nothing but a painful memory of the past – let’s give a warm welcome to the disturbingly friendly navigator of tomorrow…
Developed by the iXs Research Corporation in (you guessed it) Japan, the 12-inch tall bear is designed with six movable joints in its arm and neck, enabling it to verbally direct a driver while making motioning gestures at the same time. In addition, stroke its head and it will give you information about local landmarks.
But it doesn’t stop there. Oh no. Picture this: Friday afternoon after work. You stop for half a pint with a couple of the guys from the office. After finishing said half you make your way into the car park to your car, complete with bearNav (it doesn’t have an official name yet, but BearNav works for me). After switching bearNav on (one can only wonder where the ‘on switch’ is…) a second of silence is followed by a friendly voice saying: “You haven’t been drinking, have you?” That’s right folks, he’s fitted with an alcohol detection sensor.
Embedded in its neck, the sensor is supposed to be a deterrent against drink driving. Also included is a sensor that detects reckless driving - harsh stops and wild cornering will result in the bear crying: “Watch out!” Sounds to me as if many of these bears are going to end up with a lot more than sensors embedded in their necks…
iXs Research have also talked of developing various shapes and sizes of these systems, not just sticking to the bear design but creating other characters too. With a release planned for as early as 2009, the bearNav is already in quite a developed state and could be seen in the UK by the end of next year. So how long until we see mutilated teddy bears strewn at the roadside whilst still pointing out directions? Not long, I would guess.
So stick to driving your taxi Rupert, it’s better for everyone that way.
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The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
In October 1992 a group of Japanese researchers organized a workshop in Tokyo to discuss challenges in the area of artificial technology. This gathering promptly gave birth to a serious discussion about using the medium of football to promote science and technology, and within nine months rules had been drafted, feasibility studies run, and prototype models designed.
And with great interest from scientific communities around the world, the Robot Soccer World Cup, or ‘RoboCup’ was born. The grand aim is to create, by the mid-21st century, a team of fully autonomous humanoid robot soccer players who, by complying with the official rules of FIFA, will beat the winning team of the most recent FIFA World Cup.Sounds crazy doesn’t it? The idea of current robots outplaying the likes of recent Italian World Cup winners Alessandro Del Piero and Fabio Cannavaro is nothing short of laughable. But the folks at RoboCup have an interesting defence of their scheme. As they point out, it only took 50 years to get from the Wright brothers first aircraft to Apollo missions to send man to the moon. Likewise it took just 50 years from the invention of the digital computer to the creation of IBM’s Deep Blue, which beat reigning chess champion Garry Kasparov. And as the organizers rightfully assert, it’s important to set ambitious long term goals to be pursued and grappled with.
The RoboCup consists of a range of competitions based on size, technical ability and development, but arguably the pinnacle of the various classes is Humanoid League, where teams are formed by either two ‘kid-sized’ or ‘teen-sized’ robots. The winners of the 2 on 2 league in the 2007 meeting in Atlanta was Team NimBro from the University of Freiburg in Germany, who beat Team Osaka from Osaka University by a close margin of eight goals to six – sounds like both teams need to work on their defence, Alan Hanson would be livid…
Thirty seven countries were represented in 2007 and this looks set to grow for this years competition in China. Regardless of the conceivability of RoboCup’s founding goal, the resulting benefits of the events are undeniable. As Tucker Balch, last years general chair summarised, “One of RoboCup’s great strengths is it’s international flavour. We are able to get people together from many countries and backgrounds to share our research and ideas for making robots more effective.”
So, what are the odds are on the result of the 2051 inter-humanoid world cup being ‘Robo All Stars 3-0 Brazil’…?
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The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
Although Orange Crate still haven’t received any donations towards hiring a ASIMO robot to make our tea, I’m not going to be discouraged - here is the second instalment of our look at famous advances in robotics.
Most of you have probably heard of Deep Blue. He wasn’t much of a looker, and it could be argued that he wasn’t technically a robot, but he certainly had the edge in the brain department over most of his contemporaries. Developed by IBM throughout the 1990s as part of a parallel computing project, the final version was released in 1997 and became famous for beating reigning chess champion Garry Kasparov 3 ½ – 2 ½ in a six game match. Kasparov subsequently accused IBM of cheating and demanded a rematch – his request was denied.
As of June 1997 Deep Blue was the world’s 259th most powerful supercomputer, and although this doesn’t sound that impressive it meant it could search to a depth of up to 40 potential moves (or plies) in the future. Having a purpose built chess-playing programme this powerful built into it must have given still given Deep Blue a strong position. So did IBM really need to cheat, even against the reigning champion? Sounds like sour grapes from Kasparov to me…
On the other end of the scale, take a look at Actroid-DER2 pictured above. Designed by Korkoro Company Ltd ( the animatronics division of ‘Hello Kitty’ makers Sanrio), she is the culmination of three years of robotic development. Her purpose is to be employed to greet and direct customers in a variety of situations, such as at conventions, office complexes, or museums. Although the most current model still must be fixed to the floor, the range and lifelike nature of her movements are almost disconcertingly realistic. And there have also been rumours about further developments which will allow Actroid to interview patients, possibly even in a medical environment.
What’s more, as of last month, you can hire Actroid for a five day period for ¥400,000 Japanese (around £1,500) plus variable choreography fees. That’s much more of a bargain than ASIMO, maybe we should look at investing in one of these instead…
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The weekly technology column from those good people at Plymouth’s Orange Crate
Surely everybody loves the idea of robots don’t they? Whether you’re a hardcore sci fi fanatic who dreams of having an intelligent, automaton sidekick, or you could just do with a machine that can help with the ironing, there may one day be a robot for you.
Over the next couple of weeks I’m going to look back fondly over a relatively small number of the more famous, ground breaking robots of the last few decades. And I’m not talking about R2D2, Johnny-5 and The Terminator, but the real deal.
So, this week’s likely lad (or technically, series of likely lad models) is Honda’s favourite son ASIMO. An acronym for Advanced Step in Innovative MObility, the first ASIMO model (E0) was developed in 1986 at Honda’s research and development centre in Japan. The most ground breaking feature of this early model was that it could walk unassisted, although it took about five seconds to complete each step (and the robot itself was only a pair of legs without a body). It was to be the start of a successful and popular long-term project.
Between 1987 and 1992 Honda unveiled a range of improving models which resembled robotic legs attached to a top computational unit. Although still a way from being humanoid in appearance (they resembled big toasters on legs), ASIMO E5’s talents had grown immensely by 1992. Not only could he now walk fast on slopes, steps, and uneven surfaces, he could plan his movements in advance.
And the advances certainly didn’t stop there. The most recent ASIMO stands at 1.2m tall, weighs 43kg, and resembles a diminutive astronaut. Not only can he successfully walk at varying speeds, he boasts advanced arm movements enabling him to perform more complex tasks. And he’s intelligent. He can understand human gestures, respond to them, and even remember and greet people by name, performing multiple tasks at the same time!
Knowing this, and to look at him, it almost doesn’t feel strange to refer to him as ‘he’ rather than ‘it’. 46 ASIMO units exist today, and you can hire one for a year for a measly $166,000. Orange Crate have already put in an order, all donations will be gratefully received…
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This is the first in our series following the progress of Inhale and Hold, the endurance dance event which splashes its way from Ilfracombe to Plymouth, starting on July 10.
